Escalating Density Training or EDT for short is an effective if slightly unusual way of organising your workouts. Invented by American strength and fitness expert Charles Staley, EDT provides the means to accurately monitor the progress of your training by removing some of the major constructs of workout design. EDT simplifies your workouts while making them more effective – an economists dream! (Maybe Mr. Staley should run for Prime Minister or Chancellor of the Exchequer?)
In most traditional approaches to resistance training, you perform multiple sets of repetitions and rest for prescribed recovery periods. Whilst this method is effective it makes monitoring your progress difficult as there are so many variables to consider. Performing more reps, fewer sets, adjusting the weight or altering your rest period will result alter the effect of your workout but can make quantifying progress difficult. The traditional way of progressing a workout is by increasing volume – more reps or sets – but if you are doing two sets of an exercise and increase it to three you amplify your workload by a whopping 33%! EDT allows for a much more finite degree of progression.
Methodology – Your PR Zone
EDT workouts use pairs of exercises – often pushes and pulls in the same plane of movement. You then perform each exercise pairing not for sets but for a predetermined time. Staley calls these time frames Personal Record Zones or PR Zones for short. You can adjust the PR Zone to suit your individual fitness levels, time constraints or the type of exercise you are performing. PR Zones can range from 5 to 20 minutes but the average exerciser will probably gravitate towards 15 minutes. One of the beauties of an EDT workout is you know exactly how long your sessions are going to last – handy if you are trying to fit a workout into your lunch break.
One you have decided on your exercise pairing and your PR zone duration, you need to select how much weight you are going to lift. You’ll be doing these two exercises for 15 minutes so be conservative at first. I suggest using between 67 to 85% of your one repetition maximum (1RM) or a weight that allows you to perform between 8 to 12 reps. The next step is to grab your timer and get cracking!
Start Slowly – It’s Not a Race!
Many people make the mistake of doing too many reps in their first set or two and then spending the remainder of their PR zone regretting it. Start slowly by performing sub maximal effort sets. If you feel like you could perform 12 reps, only perform 8. This slow start will pay dividends in the end as you’ll want to “finish strong” with a sprint to the end. Move back and forth between your exercise pairing and try to rack up as many repetitions as possible of both movements. Keep rests to a minimum and an eye on the clock. Use a scrap of paper to record the number of reps you perform of each exercise – you’ll need this at the end of the workout.
Once you are into the last third of your PR zone, try to pick up the pace in terms of reps performed and speed between exercises. This is where your conservative start will pay off. Keep going to the very end in your effort to perform as many reps as possible.
On completion of your PR zone, tot up the number of repetitions you performed. This number represents your target the next time you perform this workout. If you manage to beat this repetition total by 10% or more, you should slightly increase your weights otherwise repeat the workout using the same loading parameters. This increase in training volume within the same time frame is the escalation in density after which EDT is named. If you manage to do more work in the same time frame, you will have applied overload to your muscles and overload results in increased muscular fitness.
Doing the Maths John – this section can be cut if space is an issue——————————————–
If you want a more precise measure of your workout, you can calculate exactly how much weight you have lifted during your PR zone. This is by no means essential but many of my clients are astounded by the sheer tonnage of work that they achieve during EDT workouts…
Example
Workout 1 - 15 minute PR Zone consisting of bench press and lat pull downs
Bench Press – 67 reps performed using 50kg = 3350kg
Lat pull downs – 74 reps performed using 60kg = 4440kg
You can now use these figures to measure any increases in actual work performed per 15 minute PR zone. As the client performed a fairly high rep count, the weights have been increased to challenge them further.
Workout 2 -1 week later using the same exercises and same duration PR Zone
Bench Press – 64 reps performed using 55kg = 3520kg (an increase of 170kg or 4.8%)
Lat pull downs – 71 reps using 65kg = 4615 (an increase of 175kg or 3.8%)
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Sample EDT Workout
Day One – Upper Body
PR Zone 1 – 15 minutes
Incline DB Bench Press
Seated Cable Row
PR Zone 2 – 15 minutes
Seated Dumbbell Shoulder Press
Lat Pull Downs
PR Zone 3 – 15 minutes
EZ Bar Biceps Curl
EZ Bar Lying Triceps Extensions
Day Two – Lower Body
PR Zone 1 – 15 minutes
Barbell Back Squats
Standing Calf Raises
PR Zone 2 – 15 minutes
Alternating Leg Dumbbell Lunges
Seated Calf Raises
PR Zone 3 – 15 minutes
Leg Extensions
Leg Curls
Day 3 – Whole Body
PR Zone 1 – 15 minutes
Dead Lifts
Barbell Bench Press
PR Zone 2 – 15 minutes
Chin Ups
Parallel Bar Dips
PR Zone 3 – 10 minutes
Leg Press
Stability Ball Crunches
PR Zone 4 – 10 minutes
Wide Grip Bent Over Rows
Standing Barbell Shoulder Press
EDT variations
There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to choosing EDT exercise pairings except that the exercises should not be too similar. For example; whilst a push/pull pairing like bench press and lat pull downs works well, a push/push pairing like bench press and shoulder press doesn’t. The two exercise use different agonists, the chest and shoulders respectively, but both exercises use the triceps. Pair exercises that are opposites or that use muscles that are far apart e.g. an upper body exercise paired with one for your lower body or core. This arrangement allows you to focus on performing as many repetitions as possible without suffering premature fatigue in your smaller muscle groups.
The principles of EDT can be applied to almost any training goal simply by manipulating the weight used and therefore the maximum number of repetitions you can perform. Using heavy weights that restrict you to groups of 3 to 5 repetitions will develop strength whereas lighter weights allowing 15 to 20 reps will help to develop muscular endurance. 8 to 12 repetitions is the range best suited to developing bigger muscles – a process called hypertrophy.
Why not try EDT for your next training programme – it’s simple, effective and different.